Solution Architecture Practice

Comprehensive guide to software architecture frameworks, patterns, and best practices

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Architecture Playbook

Overview

The Architecture Playbook is your comprehensive guide to successfully delivering architecture work across all engagement types. Whether you’re conducting discovery, leading a technical review, designing a new system, or assessing solutions, this playbook provides proven techniques, checklists, and templates.

Who Should Use This Playbook:

  • Enterprise architects
  • Solution architects
  • Technical leads
  • Development teams
  • Anyone involved in architecture decisions

What You’ll Find:

  • Step-by-step process guides
  • Proven techniques and best practices
  • Detailed checklists for quality assurance
  • Communication strategies
  • Real-world scenarios and solutions
  • Templates and examples

Part 1: Architecture Discovery & Requirements

Discovery Workshop Playbook

When to Use: Starting new architecture engagement or major redesign

Duration: 3-5 days (intensive) or 4-8 weeks (distributed)

Pre-Workshop Preparation

1 Week Before:

Preparation Tasks:

  • Schedule workshop dates with key stakeholders
  • Identify and invite 6-10 core participants
  • Send pre-work questionnaire (see below)
  • Gather existing documentation
  • Prepare workshop agenda
  • Arrange venue and technology

Pre-Work Questionnaire:

1. What is the primary business driver for this engagement?
2. What are the main pain points with current systems?
3. Who are the key stakeholders and decision makers?
4. What is your understanding of current architecture?
5. What constraints or limitations are we working with?
6. What would success look like?
7. What timeline are we working with?

2-3 Weeks Before:

  • Review existing documents and systems
  • Identify key questions to explore
  • Create preliminary context/scope
  • Plan workshop flow and exercises

Workshop Execution

Day 1: Context & Vision

Morning Session (2 hours):

  • Welcome and objectives (15 min)
  • Current state presentation (45 min)
  • Pain points discussion (30 min)
  • Q&A and clarification (15 min)

Afternoon Session (2 hours):

  • Future state vision (30 min)
  • Success metrics definition (45 min)
  • Constraints and risks (30 min)
  • Break (15 min)

Key Questions:

  • What are we trying to achieve?
  • Why does it matter to the business?
  • What would failure look like?
  • What must we preserve from current state?
  • What constraints are non-negotiable?

Day 2: Requirements Gathering

Morning Session (3 hours):

  • Functional requirements workshop (60 min)
  • Non-functional requirements (45 min)
  • Integration requirements (45 min)

Afternoon Session (2 hours):

  • Compliance and regulatory requirements (45 min)
  • Risk and dependencies (45 min)
  • Consolidation and prioritization (15 min)

Functional Requirements Technique:

Use-Case Mapping:

Use Case: User Places Order

Actors: Customer, Payment System, Inventory

Happy Path:
1. Customer selects items
2. System reserves inventory
3. Customer enters payment info
4. System processes payment
5. System confirms order
6. System sends confirmation email

Alternate Flows:
- Items out of stock → suggest alternatives
- Payment declined → retry or suggest payment method
- Timeout during checkout → recover session

Non-Functional:
- Must complete in <30 seconds
- Maintain 99.9% uptime during peak
- Support 1000 concurrent users

Non-Functional Requirements:

Category Question Example Answer
Performance What latency is acceptable? <100ms response time
Scalability How much growth do we plan for? 10x growth in 2 years
Reliability What uptime SLA is required? 99.99%
Security What data sensitivity? PCI DSS, GDPR compliance
Cost What’s the budget? <$X per month
Maintainability Who maintains this? Distributed team of 5

Day 3: Architecture Patterns & Approach

Morning Session (3 hours):

  • Technology landscape overview (45 min)
  • Architecture patterns exploration (90 min)
  • Proof of concept planning (45 min)

Afternoon Session:

  • Design deep dives (2-3 hours depending on complexity)
  • Decision confirmation
  • Next steps planning

Technology Evaluation Matrix:

Criteria               Weight  Option A  Option B  Option C  Decision
Performance            25%     9/10      7/10      8/10      ✓A
Scalability            20%     8/10      9/10      8/10
Team Skills            15%     6/10      7/10      8/10
Cost                   15%     7/10      5/10      9/10
Vendor Support         10%     8/10      8/10      6/10
Learning Curve         10%     5/10      6/10      8/10
Ecosystem              5%      9/10      7/10      6/10

Day 4-5: Design & Planning

  • Detailed architecture design sessions
  • Trade-off discussions
  • Risk assessment
  • Implementation roadmap
  • Deliverables planning

Post-Workshop Deliverables

Immediately After (1-2 days):

  • Workshop notes consolidated
  • Decisions documented
  • Action items assigned
  • Next meeting scheduled

Within 1 Week:

  • Initial architecture document draft
  • Architecture diagrams (context, containers, components)
  • Requirements traceability matrix
  • Risk and mitigation plan
  • Implementation roadmap
  • Stakeholder communication summary

Quality Checklist:

  • All requirements captured
  • Stakeholders validate requirements
  • Rationale documented for each decision
  • Trade-offs explicitly stated
  • Risks identified and assessed
  • Architecture aligns with strategy

Stakeholder Interview Playbook

When to Use: Understanding current state, gathering requirements, assessing readiness

Duration: 45-60 minutes per interview

Interview Preparation

Researcher Tasks:

  1. Identify interview candidates (minimum 3-5 per functional area)
  2. Research their role and background
  3. Prepare role-specific questions
  4. Send calendar invite with context
  5. Confirm 1 day before

Interview Setup:

  • Quiet location (no interruptions)
  • Recording device if permitted
  • Note-taking materials
  • Calendar allows for follow-ups

Interview Execution

Opening (5 minutes):

"Thank you for your time. I'm working on [project] architecture.
I'd like to understand your perspective on current systems and
vision for the future. This conversation will help us make better
decisions. Is it okay if I take notes?"

Role-Specific Questions:

For Technical Leaders:

  1. How would you describe the current architecture?
  2. What works well about current systems?
  3. What causes the most pain?
  4. What architectural concerns keep you up at night?
  5. How would you want to change the architecture if you could?
  6. What technical decisions do you regret?
  7. How do teams interact around architecture?
  8. What would make your job easier?

For Business Leaders:

  1. What are your primary business objectives?
  2. How do current systems support/hinder those objectives?
  3. What’s the biggest challenge you face?
  4. How do you measure success?
  5. What timeline are you working within?
  6. What decisions have been made already?
  7. What would change if we solved this problem?
  8. What are your concerns about this initiative?

For Operations:

  1. How is the current system deployed and maintained?
  2. What operational challenges do you face?
  3. How is reliability/performance monitored?
  4. What’s the most frequent issue you deal with?
  5. How would you want to deploy new architecture?
  6. What skills do your team have?
  7. What would make your life easier?
  8. What concerns do you have about change?

Clarification Technique (Active Listening):

"So what I'm hearing is... [your understanding]
Is that correct? Did I miss anything?"

Probing Technique:

Instead of accepting surface answers:
Q: "How do you measure success?"
A: "Fast and reliable"

Follow up with:
Q: "What does 'fast' mean specifically? 
    What's fast enough?"
A: "<100ms response time"

Then:
Q: "How often do you miss that target today?"
A: "20% of the time during peak hours"

Closing (5 minutes):

"I've gotten a lot of good perspective. Is there anything 
else important I should know? And do you have time for 
a follow-up conversation if I have clarification questions?"

Post-Interview:

  • Transcribe notes within 24 hours
  • Identify themes and conflicts
  • Flag assumptions to verify
  • Send summary back to interviewee for validation
  • File for future reference

Interview Analysis

Consolidation Template:

Topic: System Performance

Person          Team         View
John Smith      Platform     "Too slow for peak load"
Sarah Jones     Product      "Acceptable for most users"
Mike Johnson    Operations   "Hard to diagnose issues"

Synthesis:
- Consensus: System slows under peak load
- Disagreement: Acceptable level of impact
- Concern: Lack of visibility into performance

Questions for Follow-up:
1. What specific metrics define "peak load"?
2. How often does peak load occur?
3. What's the business impact when slow?

Part 2: Architecture Design & Decision-Making

Solution Design Playbook

When to Use: Creating comprehensive architecture for new system or major redesign

Duration: 2-12 weeks depending on complexity

Phase 1: Design Kickoff

Activities:

  • Review all discovery outputs
  • Clarify unknowns with stakeholders
  • Establish design principles
  • Define success criteria
  • Plan design process
  • Identify key decisions

Design Principles Template:

Principle: Optimize for Team Autonomy

Rationale:
- Reduces coordination overhead
- Accelerates feature delivery
- Enables independent scaling

Implications:
- Clear service boundaries
- Asynchronous communication preferred
- Standardized integration patterns
- Self-service operations

Trade-offs:
- Distributed data management complexity
- Eventual consistency
- Testing complexity

Phase 2: Option Generation

Brainstorm Techniques:

1. Start with Patterns:

  • Monolithic
  • Microservices
  • Event-driven
  • Hybrid approaches
  • Don’t eliminate too early

2. Technology Options Matrix:

Layer          Option A        Option B        Option C
Compute        EC2 + ASG       ECS Fargate      Lambda
Database       RDS PostgreSQL  DynamoDB         Aurora
Messaging      SQS/SNS         Kafka            RabbitMQ
Cache          Redis           ElastiCache      Memcached

3. Architecture Options (Example: E-commerce Replatform)

Option A: Lift & Shift Monolith

  • Minimal architecture change
  • Easier migration
  • Maintains current limitations
  • Lower risk but not addressing root issues

Option B: Modular Monolith

  • Break into logical modules
  • Still single deployment
  • Enables gradual microservices move
  • Moderate risk, clear incremental value

Option C: Full Microservices

  • Complete service decomposition
  • Maximum flexibility
  • Higher operational complexity
  • Higher risk but maximum benefits

Phase 3: Option Evaluation

Evaluation Criteria Framework:

Strategic Criteria:

  • Alignment with business strategy
  • Competitive advantage
  • Skills development
  • Vendor stability
  • Long-term flexibility

Technical Criteria:

  • Performance characteristics
  • Scalability potential
  • Operational complexity
  • Technology maturity
  • Integration capabilities

Financial Criteria:

  • Initial investment
  • Ongoing operational costs
  • Time to value
  • ROI timeline
  • Cost to change later

Team Criteria:

  • Required skills
  • Learning curve
  • Team size needed
  • Support availability
  • Community strength

Evaluation Template:

Criteria              Weight  Option A  Option B  Option C  Notes
Aligns with strategy   15%     9/10      8/10      7/10     A most strategic
Performance            20%     8/10      9/10      8/10     B slight edge
Scalability            15%     7/10      9/10      8/10     B best for growth
Team skills            10%     6/10      7/10      8/10     C leverages Go
Learning curve         10%     8/10      7/10      6/10     A fastest adoption
Cost initial           10%     8/10      5/10      7/10     B expensive upfront
Cost ongoing            8%     7/10      8/10      6/10     C cheapest to run
Risk level             12%     8/10      5/10      3/10     A lowest risk

Weighted Score:               7.75      7.35      7.05
Recommendation:                ✓ A (lowest risk, good performance)

Phase 4: Detailed Design

Architecture Document Structure:

1. Executive Summary
   - Problem, approach, benefits, risks

2. Current State Assessment
   - Systems, pain points, technical debt

3. Requirements
   - Functional, non-functional, constraints

4. Proposed Architecture
   - Overall approach
   - Component breakdown
   - Data flow
   - Integration points

5. Design Rationale
   - Why this architecture?
   - Alternatives considered
   - Trade-offs accepted

6. Key Design Decisions
   - List of major decisions with rationale

7. Data Design
   - Data model
   - Database selection
   - Data flow
   - Migration strategy

8. Security Design
   - Authentication/authorization
   - Data protection
   - Network security
   - Compliance approach

9. Operational Design
   - Deployment approach
   - Monitoring/observability
   - Backup/recovery
   - Change management

10. Risk Assessment
    - Identified risks
    - Probability/impact
    - Mitigation strategies

11. Implementation Roadmap
    - Phase 1, 2, 3...
    - Timeline and milestones
    - Dependencies
    - Resource needs

12. Success Metrics
    - How we measure success
    - Baseline metrics
    - Target metrics

Diagram Quality Checklist:

  • C4 Model diagram (Context → Container → Component → Code)
  • Clear title and legend
  • Component responsibilities clear
  • Integration points labeled
  • Technology choices visible
  • Data flow understandable
  • Network boundaries shown
  • External systems shown
  • Scaling approach clear

Part 3: Architecture Review Playbook

Conducting Effective Reviews

Review Objectives:

  • Ensure architectural fitness
  • Identify risks early
  • Share knowledge
  • Validate design decisions
  • Provide guidance

When to Request Review:

  • Before major architecture decisions
  • Before implementation starts
  • When stuck on design
  • For technology choices
  • Security-sensitive systems
  • Complex integrations

Pre-Review Preparation

Requestor Responsibilities (1 week before):

  • Prepare clear, concise architecture document
  • Include context and business drivers
  • List specific questions or concerns
  • Provide supporting materials (diagrams, requirements)
  • Be clear about decision timeline

Reviewer Preparation:

  • Read all materials
  • Identify initial concerns
  • Prepare clarifying questions
  • Schedule focused discussion time

Review Meeting Execution

Structure (60-90 minutes):

Introduction (5 min):

  • Business context
  • Key constraints
  • Specific questions for reviewers

Architecture Walkthrough (20-30 min):

  • System overview
  • Key components
  • Data flow
  • Integration approach
  • Design rationale

Q&A & Discussion (20-30 min):

  • Clarifying questions
  • Technical concerns
  • Trade-off discussion
  • Mitigation strategies

Feedback Summary (10-15 min):

  • Strengths of design
  • Areas of concern
  • Recommendations
  • Approval status

Post-Review Follow-Up:

Within 24 hours:

  • Send written feedback
  • Clarify recommendations vs requirements
  • Identify critical vs nice-to-have changes
  • Establish timeline for revisions

Architecture Review Checklist

Functional Requirements:

  • All functional requirements addressed
  • Integration points clear
  • Data requirements met
  • Workflow supports business processes

Non-Functional Requirements:

  • Performance targets achievable
  • Scalability approach justified
  • Reliability/uptime strategy sound
  • Latency requirements met

Technical Design:

  • Architecture appropriate for problem
  • Technology choices justified
  • Design patterns applied appropriately
  • Code organization/modularity clear
  • API contracts well-defined

Security:

  • Authentication/authorization designed
  • Data encryption strategy
  • Sensitive data handling
  • Network security approach
  • Compliance requirements addressed

Operations:

  • Deployment strategy clear
  • Monitoring/alerting plan
  • Logging strategy
  • Backup/recovery approach
  • Troubleshooting approach

Risks:

  • Technical risks identified
  • Mitigation strategies defined
  • Failure modes considered
  • Contingency plans exist

Team Readiness:

  • Team has required skills
  • Training plan if needed
  • Support strategy clear
  • Knowledge sharing plan

Part 4: Common Architecture Scenarios

Scenario 1: Legacy System Modernization

Situation:

  • 10+ year old monolithic system
  • Technical debt causing slowdowns
  • Team struggling with maintainability
  • Business needs faster feature delivery

Diagnosis:

  1. Assess technical debt
  2. Identify performance bottlenecks
  3. Evaluate team capability
  4. Understand business urgency

Approach Selection:

Option A: Strangler Facade Pattern (Recommended for Most Cases)

Timeline: 18-24 months
Risk: Medium
Effort: High

Phases:
1. New modern service (core capability)
2. Route new requests through facade
3. Migrate existing features gradually
4. Eventually remove legacy system

Benefits:

  • Enables continuous value delivery
  • Spreads risk across timeline
  • Team learns new technology gradually
  • Legacy system remains stable
  • Can adjust approach based on learnings

Challenges:

  • Maintaining two systems temporarily
  • Data synchronization complexity
  • Extended timeline
  • Requires discipline and planning

Implementation Steps:

  1. Identify core capability to extract first (high-value, isolated)
  2. Build modern service for that capability
  3. Implement facade/proxy layer
  4. Route new requests to new service
  5. Build migration tools for existing data
  6. Gradually shift features to new service
  7. Maintain parity for critical features
  8. Decommission legacy components

Key Decisions:

  • Which capabilities to extract first?
  • How to handle data migration?
  • How to maintain API compatibility?
  • When to decommission legacy system?

Risk Mitigation:

  • Comprehensive monitoring on facade
  • Gradual traffic shift with kill switches
  • Rollback plans for each phase
  • Shadow traffic testing
  • Staged rollout

Scenario 2: Cloud Migration

Situation:

  • On-premises systems nearing end of life
  • Business wants cloud agility/scalability
  • Multiple applications and complexity
  • Team not cloud-experienced

Phases:

Phase 1: Assessment (2-4 weeks)

  • Audit current applications
  • Assess cloud readiness
  • Identify quick wins
  • Create migration roadmap
  • Cost comparison analysis

Phase 2: Pilot (1-3 months)

  • Select 1-2 non-critical applications
  • Establish cloud landing zone
  • Test migration approach
  • Learn cloud practices
  • Refine tools and processes

Phase 3: Scale (3-12 months)

  • Migrate remaining applications
  • Optimize cloud usage
  • Build cloud-native capabilities
  • Phase out on-premises infrastructure

Migration Strategies:

1. Lift & Shift (Fastest, Least Change)

  • Minimal modification to applications
  • Quickest migration
  • Doesn’t leverage cloud capabilities
  • High ongoing costs
  • Good for temporary cloud, bridges
  • Typical timeline: 6 weeks per application

2. Replatform (Balanced Approach)

  • Some application changes
  • Leverage cloud services (managed databases, etc.)
  • Faster time to value
  • Moderate effort
  • Good for most applications
  • Typical timeline: 8-12 weeks per application

3. Refactor/Re-architect (Maximum Benefits)

  • Redesign for cloud-native
  • Microservices, serverless, event-driven
  • Maximum cost optimization
  • Highest effort and risk
  • Longest timeline
  • Best for strategic applications
  • Typical timeline: 12+ weeks per application

Cloud-Native Best Practices:

✅ Use managed services (don't manage databases, caching, etc.)
✅ Build for elasticity (horizontal scaling)
✅ Design for resilience (multi-AZ, fault tolerance)
✅ Implement proper observability (logs, metrics, traces)
✅ Automate operations (CI/CD, infrastructure as code)
✅ Optimize costs (right-sizing, reserved instances)
✅ Security by design (least privilege, encryption)
✅ Treat infrastructure as code

Scenario 3: Microservices Transformation

Situation:

  • Monolithic system limiting team velocity
  • Different components have different scaling needs
  • Teams want independence
  • Complexity of monolith growing

Key Design Decisions:

Service Decomposition:

  • By business capability (recommended)
  • By subdomain (DDD)
  • By scaling needs
  • Avoid: by technology, by team

Example Service Boundaries (E-commerce):

- Product Service (catalog, search)
- Order Service (order management)
- Inventory Service (stock management)
- Payment Service (payment processing)
- Shipping Service (fulfillment)
- Customer Service (profiles, preferences)
- Notification Service (emails, messages)

Communication Strategy:

  • Synchronous: REST/gRPC for immediate response
  • Asynchronous: Events/queues for eventual consistency
  • Hybrid: Most systems use both

Data Management:

  • Each service owns its data (no shared databases)
  • Data synchronization via events
  • Eventual consistency model
  • Distributed transactions challenge

Deployment & Operations:

  • Independent deployment per service
  • Container-based (Docker/Kubernetes)
  • Service discovery (built-in with K8s)
  • API gateway for external access
  • Load balancing per service

Operational Complexity:

Challenges you’ll face:

  • Distributed debugging
  • Network latency
  • Partial failure handling
  • Data consistency
  • Operational overhead (many services to manage)
  • Observability requirement (logging, tracing, metrics)

Solutions:

  • Comprehensive monitoring/observability
  • Good logging and tracing (OpenTelemetry)
  • Circuit breakers and resilience patterns
  • API gateway for consistency
  • Service mesh (Istio, Linkerd) for advanced scenarios
  • CI/CD automation

Readiness Assessment:

Ask yourself:

  • Do we need this complexity?
  • Does our team understand distributed systems?
  • Do we have proper observability?
  • Can we automate CI/CD well?
  • Do we understand eventual consistency?
  • Can we handle network failures?

If not ready: Consider modular monolith first


Scenario 4: Security Architecture Integration

When to Apply: Every significant system design

Security Design Activities:

1. Threat Modeling

  • Identify assets (what we’re protecting)
  • Identify threats (what could go wrong)
  • Assess impact (damage if compromised)
  • Develop mitigations (how to protect)

STRIDE Model (Common Approach):

S - Spoofing (fake identity)
T - Tampering (modify data)
R - Repudiation (deny actions)
I - Information Disclosure (expose data)
D - Denial of Service (unavailable)
E - Elevation of Privilege (unauthorized access)

2. Authentication & Authorization

Authentication:

  • Verify user identity
  • Methods: passwords, MFA, SSO, OAuth, certificates

Authorization:

  • Grant appropriate access
  • Methods: RBAC (role-based), ABAC (attribute-based)
  • Principle of least privilege

3. Data Protection

  • Encryption in transit (TLS/SSL)
  • Encryption at rest (AES-256)
  • Sensitive data handling (PII, payment data)
  • Compliance requirements (GDPR, PCI-DSS, HIPAA)

4. Network Security

  • Network segmentation
  • Firewalls and access control
  • VPCs and security groups
  • DDoS protection

5. Operational Security

  • Patch management
  • Vulnerability scanning
  • Incident response plan
  • Security monitoring

Part 5: Communication & Presentation

Presenting Architecture to Different Audiences

Executive Leadership

Focus: Business value, risk, timeline, investment

Template:

1. Business Problem (2 min)
   "This initiative addresses..."

2. Proposed Solution (2 min)
   "We recommend..."
   
3. Key Benefits (1 min)
   - Faster feature delivery
   - Cost savings of X%
   - Reduced technical risk

4. Timeline & Investment (1 min)
   - Timeline: X months
   - Investment: $X
   - ROI: Y months

5. Risks & Mitigation (1 min)
   - Key risks and how we'll manage
   - Contingency plan

6. Next Steps (30 sec)
   "We'll start with..."

Do:

  • Use business language
  • Quantify benefits
  • Address their concerns (cost, timeline, risk)
  • Show ROI
  • Be concise (5-7 minutes max)

Don’t:

  • Get too technical
  • Use architecture jargon
  • Show code or infrastructure details
  • Discuss tool selections

Engineering Teams

Focus: Technical soundness, patterns, implementation approach

Template:

1. Current State & Limitations
   "Today we have X constraints..."

2. Proposed Architecture
   - Components and responsibilities
   - Integration patterns
   - Technology choices
   - Diagrams (C4 model)

3. Design Rationale
   - Why we chose this approach
   - Trade-offs we made
   - Alternatives considered

4. Implementation Approach
   - Phasing
   - Timeline
   - Team structure
   - Skills needed

5. Risks & Mitigation
   - Technical risks
   - Operational risks
   - Mitigation strategies

6. Q&A

Do:

  • Show detailed diagrams
  • Discuss patterns and principles
  • Be thorough on trade-offs
  • Invite feedback
  • Discuss implementation

Don’t:

  • Over-simplify technical issues
  • Avoid difficult conversations
  • Make unsubstantiated claims
  • Ignore concerns

Operations/Support Teams

Focus: Operational impact, monitoring, support burden

Template:

1. What's Changing
   "This new architecture will..."

2. Operational Impact
   - Deployment changes
   - Monitoring changes
   - Incident response changes
   - Skills needed

3. Benefits for Operations
   - Easier to scale
   - Better visibility
   - Clearer troubleshooting
   - Self-healing capabilities

4. Training & Support
   - Training plan
   - Documentation
   - Support model
   - Escalation path

5. Transition Plan
   - Parallel running period
   - Cutover approach
   - Rollback plan

6. Q&A

Do:

  • Emphasize stability and reliability
  • Explain monitoring/observability improvements
  • Show support model clearly
  • Discuss training plan
  • Address concerns about change

Don’t:

  • Dismiss operational concerns
  • Underestimate learning curve
  • Over-promise on simplicity
  • Forget about 24/7 operations

Part 6: Deliverables Checklists

Solution Architecture Document

Quality Checklist:

Executive Summary

  • Clear problem statement
  • Proposed solution in simple terms
  • Key benefits outlined
  • Timeline and investment clear
  • Readable in 5 minutes

Architecture Overview

  • High-level architecture diagram (C4 Context)
  • Component responsibilities clear
  • Integration points labeled
  • Technology choices visible
  • Data flow understandable

Detailed Design

  • Component diagrams (C4 Container, Component levels)
  • API contracts defined
  • Database schema documented
  • Deployment architecture
  • Network design
  • Security architecture

Requirements Traceability

  • All requirements addressed
  • Traceability matrix (requirement → design)
  • Out-of-scope items clearly marked
  • Constraints documented

Design Decisions & Rationale

  • Major decisions listed
  • Rationale for each decision
  • Alternatives considered
  • Trade-offs explicit
  • Risks for each decision

Risk Assessment

  • Risks identified
  • Probability and impact assessed
  • Mitigation strategies
  • Contingency plans

Implementation Plan

  • Phases defined
  • Timeline realistic
  • Dependencies identified
  • Resource needs clear
  • Success metrics defined
  • Assumptions listed

Appendices

  • Glossary of terms
  • Reference architectures
  • Technology evaluations
  • Interview notes
  • Email threads and decisions

Architecture Review Report

What to Include:

Executive Summary

  • Architecture assessed
  • Overall recommendation (approve, revise, reject)
  • Key strengths
  • Critical concerns
  • Timeline for decision

Detailed Findings

  • Strengths of design
  • Areas of concern
  • Questions for clarification
  • Recommendations (critical vs advisory)

Assessment Areas

  • Requirements alignment
  • Technical soundness
  • Operational feasibility
  • Security posture
  • Cost effectiveness
  • Team readiness

Recommendations

  • What must change (blockers)
  • What should change (improvements)
  • What’s optional (nice-to-haves)
  • Timeline for revisions

Part 7: Tools & Templates

Recommended Tools:

  • Diagramming: Lucidchart, Miro, Draw.io, PlantUML
  • Documentation: Confluence, Notion, Markdown + Git
  • Collaboration: Miro, Mural (whiteboarding)
  • Decision Tracking: ADR format, Wiki
  • Monitoring: DataDog, New Relic, Prometheus + Grafana

Templates Provided:

  • Design Principles Template
  • Evaluation Matrix
  • Architecture Document Template
  • ADR Template
  • Risk Register Template
  • Stakeholder Interview Guide


Best Practices Summary

✅ Start with discovery before designing Understand the problem before proposing solutions.

✅ Involve stakeholders throughout Early and continuous engagement prevents surprises.

✅ Document decisions and rationale Future teams need to understand the “why”.

✅ Make risks explicit Identify issues early when you can do something about them.

✅ Iterate with feedback Architecture design is a conversation, not a monologue.

✅ Use proven patterns Leverage community knowledge, don’t reinvent.

✅ Test your assumptions POCs and prototypes reveal issues early.

✅ Communicate clearly Tailor message to audience.

✅ Plan for operations from day 1 Architecture must be operationally sound.

✅ Review before implementation Early feedback saves expensive rework.

❌ Don’t skip discovery You’ll design for the wrong problem.

❌ Don’t ignore stakeholders You’ll miss important requirements.

❌ Don’t document decisions only after the fact The context is lost, reasoning unclear.

❌ Don’t dismiss risks They tend to materialize at inconvenient times.

❌ Don’t make decisions in isolation Architecture affects the whole organization.


Last Updated: November 2025 Maintained By: Enterprise Architecture Team Version: 1.0 Contributors: [Architecture Leadership Team]